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16:00   Sports infrastructure and facilities Chair: Regina Bokel 16:00 20 mins DESIGNING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENVIRONMENTS TO ENHANCE PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Hsiao-Pu Yeh, Joe Stone, Sarah Churchill, Eric Brymer, keith Davids Abstract: Understanding how best to accrue benefits from designing physical activity and exercise programmes is needed to tackle global health problems related to physical inactivity and poor mental health. Some studies have implicated an important role for green exercise and physical activity, but there is a lack of clarity in current research. Therefore, more work is needed to understand how to design green physical activity and exercise environments that afford (invite) physical and psychological benefits to individuals. We examined whether exercising while viewing a dynamic or static image of a scene from nature would offer different affordances (invitations for behaviours to emerge), compared to the common conditions of self-selected entertainment. For this purpose, 30 participants (18 males and 12 females; age 27.5 ± 9 yrs.; mass 67.6 ± 11.1 kg; stature 173.7 ± 8.2 cm) exercised in three experimental conditions in a counterbalanced design while: (i) viewing a video of a green environment, (ii) viewing a single static image of the green environment; and (iii), when using typical self-selected entertainment without viewing images of nature. A twenty-minute treadmill run was undertaken at the participants' own self-selected speed in a laboratory while energy expenditure and psychological states (using PANAS) were assessed. Results showed no differences in energy expenditure (p>.05) or negative affect (p >.05) between conditions. However, data revealed significant differences in positive affect when participants ran with a static image and their own entertainment compared to running with a dynamic image. Results revealed how differences in affordances designed into physical activity environments can shape psychological states that emerge during exercise. Further research is needed on affordance design in physical activity and exercise by engineers, designers, planners and psychologists to explore effects of a range of simulated environments, with different target groups, such as fit and unfit individuals, elderly and children. 16:20 20 mins THE SHADED DOME™ Rob Torsing, Kay Oosterman, Jack Bakker, Inge Bosveld, Mart Hinssen, Thijs Huijsmans Abstract: The award of the World Cup 2022 to Qatar raised a lot of doubts about the success of such a venture, mainly due to extremely unfavourable local climate conditions. On the other side however, it created a lot of room for innovative ideas. One of such is the Shaded Dome™, which has already been granted a European patent. The principle goal of this building concept is the construction of a low tech, eco-friendly product that will be able to deliver a high tech solution and boom the sports industry of deserts countries. Consequently the main research question is how to create under a reasonable price, a climate-controlled indoor environment with primary respect to the highest standards of comfort, sustainability, and safety for its users. The concept is both simple and brilliant. The Shaded Dome™ is a semi-permanent facility, comprised of an air-supported dome excluding any internal supports. A very light and highly resistant outer fabric tent (the Shade) covers it, transforming it into an astonishing state-of-the-art building. A grid of cavity pins links the two layers, creating a peripheral structural system that supports the whole construction. A pleasant internal microclimate is enabled by a constant natural airflow between the dome and the shade together with the use of a custom made combination of several membrane materials. This passive design element provides protection from extreme climatological conditions like solar radiation, wind, high air temperature, humidity and precipitation. The first models are already under construction and the results are extremely encouraging. The current tests show an almost 20oC temperature decline between the dome’s skins, reducing consequently the need for high demanding cooling systems. Next to that the Shaded Dome™ requires limited transport volume, and can be constructed and dismantled in a matter of days. Thus, the preponderant fabrication plan promotes the sources’ economy, the efficient materials’ use, the reusability of the product and the self-support of its energy needs, highlighting that way a new concept on the asset management of future sport infrastructure. Moving into an era where the need for dynamic constructions is becoming more and more intense, the Shaded Dome™ can constitute an easy to build, quick and fit-for-purpose solution which can efficiently meet any sport infrastructure requirements. 16:40 20 mins COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN FOR SPORT BUILDINGS Michela Turrin, Ding Yang, Antonio D'Aquilio, Rusne Sileryte, Yimin Sun Abstract: The design of Sport buildings implies challenging tasks in meeting the special performance-requirements expected for such buildings. One of the main reasons why the design of well performing sport buildings is challenging relates to the very specific requirements for athletes. This includes factors like daylight/lighting control, air flow control, thermal control, just to name a few. Such factors are hard to control in large sport halls; and their control is even harder when the public/audience is located within the halls and require different climate conditions. Such factors impact the performance of athletes, directly and/or indirectly by impacting the quality of the facilities. An example of this is the quality of the ice in the case of speed skating. Additionally, buildings designed for meeting the requirements of top-sport events face challenges in post-game use and medium/long term sustainability due to the very different scenarios in which they are expected to operate. Computational form finding approaches can favour the achievement of high-performing and sustainable Sport buildings. In this light, the paper will tackle the use of Multi-objective Optimization and Multidisciplinary design optimization. The paper will introduce the concept of Multi-objective Multidisciplinary design optimization techniques to support trade-off decisions between multiple conflicting design objectives and interdisciplinary concurrent design methodology, during the conceptual design of sport buildings. The potentials of the method will be discussed in respect to the identification of well performing design solutions and the extraction of re-usable knowledge from sub-optimal design solutions. This latter distinguishes the proposed approach from traditional optimization. In fact, traditional optimization focuses on finding a front of best solutions for a given set of objectives. Differently, in the proposed approach the evolutionary algorithm guides the generation and performance analysis of a large number of geometric design configurations (including sub-optimal solutions) which are then stored and further analysed. In order to analyse them, data analysis and data visualization techniques are used. This allows investigating interrelated effects of input parameters and extract information about sensitivities and local influence of variables. Their value exceeds the specificities of single projects; and can be regarded as more general knowledge for understanding and improving the design of sport buildings. A case study developed as collaboration between Delft university of Technology and South China university of Technology will be presented and discussed. Main References Arup Group, The Beijing National Stadium, Special Issue in The Arup Journal, 1/2009 Harries, Alan, Gustavo Brunelli, and Ioannis Rizos. "London 2012 Velodrome–integrating advanced simulation into the design process." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 6.6 (2013): 401-419. Geyer P. and Beucke K., An integrative approach for using multidisciplinary design optimization in AEC. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 2010. Gerber D.J., Lin S-H., Pan B.P. and Solmaz A.S., Design optioneering: Multi-disciplinary design optimization through parameterization, domain integration and automation of a genetic algorithm. Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Simulation for Architecture and Urban Design. 2012, 11. Yang D., Turrin M., Sariyildiz S. and Sun Y., Sports building envelope optimization using multi-objective multidisciplinary design optimization (M-MDO) techniques. Proceedings of IEEE CEC2015, 2015, 2269-2278.