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14:40   Rowing & kayak; measurment systems Chair: Arnoud Greidanus 14:40 20 mins SMART OAR BLADE FOR HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ROWING Franz Fuss, Sandra Fundel, Yehuda Weizman, Robert Masterton Smith Abstract: A smart oar blade with piezoresistive sensors on either side was developed, calibrated, and tested hydrostatically, hydrodynamically and during rowing. The hydrostatic test down to a water depth of 0.7 m returned the correct and expected pressure values (r2 = 0.9953). In the hydrodynamic test, the peak differential pressure ranged from 100 Pa to 150 Pa, corresponding to a blade velocity and displacement of approximately 0.5 m/s and 0.5 m. In the rowing tests, the peak differential pressure was approximately 800 Pa, corresponding to a blade velocity and displacement of approximately 1.15 m/s and 0.9 m. The large displacement results from the shape of the boat (gentlemen’s skiff) and its load (3 people). References Belbasis A, Fuss FK, Sidhu J (2015) Procedia Engineering 112:163 – 168. Schöffl VR, Klee S, Strecker W (2006) The Engineering of Sport 6, pp 269-273. Weizman Y, Fuss FK (2015), Procedia Engineering 112 : 157 - 162 Partsch et al. (2011) Angiology 65:233-236. 15:00 20 mins STATISTICAL ANALYSES OF UNIDIRECTIONAL STATIC FORCES ON INSTRUMENTED ROWING OARLOCKS Brock Laschowski, Volker Nolte Abstract: The PowerLine System includes instrumented oarlocks, which measure athlete-applied forces during on-water rowing. Despite its international popularity, limited research has considered the quality engineering of the system. Accordingly, the following research examined the convergent validity and test-retest reliability of the PowerLine force measurements. Unidirectional static forces of up to 431 N were applied to nine sweep and eight scull oarlocks over fifteen days of testing. The differences between the PowerLine force measurements and the known static forces were statistically analyzed. The PowerLine force measurements were consistent over the fifteen days of testing, but were 2.0 % ± 0.8 percentage points less than the quantities of the known applied forces. While these differences in the force measurements coincide with the manufacturer’s specifications, calibration factors for each PowerLine oarlock were generated to correct for the minor discrepancies.